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Vo Nguyen Giap (Vietnamese: Võ Nguyên Giáp) born 25 August, 1911, died 4 October 2013, was a Vietnamese officer in the Vietnam People's Army and a politician. He was a principal commander in two wars: the First Indochina War (1946–1954) and the Second Indochina War (1960–1975). He participated in the following historically significant battles: Lạng Sơn (1950); Hòa Bình (1951–1952); Điện Biên Phủ (1954); the Tết Offensive (1968); the Nguyên Huế Offensive (known in the West as the Easter Offensive) (1972); and the final Hồ Chí Minh Campaign (1975).<br/><br/> He was also a journalist, an interior minister in President Hồ Chí Minh’s Việt Minh government, the military commander of the Việt Minh, the commander of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), and defense minister.<br/><br/> He also served as Politburo member of the Vietnamese Communist Party. He was the most prominent military commander together with Hồ Chí Minh during the war and was responsible for major operations and leadership until the war ended.<br/><br/> Pham Van Dong (March 1, 1906—April 29, 2000) was a Vietnamese nationalist and communist. He served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 through 1976, and was Prime Minister of reunified Vietnam from 1976 until he retired in 1987.
Phạm Văn Đồng (1919—2008) was a South Vietnamese ARVN general. In 1965, as military governor of Sàigòn, he repressed Buddhist demonstrations instigated by the monks Thích Trí Quang and Thích Tâm Châu. Đồng was regarded highly by American and French officers, and well respected by many ARVN officers.<br/><br/> A staunch nationalist and anti-communist, he was considered an ally to various rightist nationalist groups and private armies, including the labor union, the Northern Catholics, several Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (Việt Quốc) factions, multiple Đại Việt groups, Việt Nam Cách Mạng Đồng Minh Hội (Việt Cách) high-ranking members, Duy Dân and Hòa Hảo leaders. Dong fell foul of Air Marshal Nguyễn Cao Kỳ in 1967 and was dismissed from the ARVN. He went into exile in the United States after the Fall of Saigon in 1975 and died in Pennsylvania in 2008.
The Politburo of the Central Committee Communist Party of Vietnam (Bộ Chính trị Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), formerly the Standing Committee of the Central Committee, includes the top leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam.<br/><br/> Senior members of the 2nd Politburo (1951-1960) included Hồ Chí Minh (Chairman of CPV, President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam); Trường Chinh (General Secretary to October 1956); Võ Nguyên Giáp and Phạm Văn Đồng, seen here in relaxed mood.
In 1958, the People's Republic of China, having taken over mainland China and having left the Republic of China with control over Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and some outlying islands, issued a declaration of a 12 nautical mile limit territorial waters that encompassed the Spratly Islands. North Vietnam's prime minister, Phạm Văn Đồng, sent a formal note to recognize these claims, and stated that the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) respects the decision on the 12 nautical mile limit territorial waters.
Cambodia: Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 to 2004, with Pham Van Dong, Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 through 1976, and was Prime Minister of reunified Vietnam from 1976 until he retired in 1987.
Pham Van Dong (March 1, 1906—April 29, 2000) was a Vietnamese nationalist and communist. He served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 through 1976, and was Prime Minister of reunified Vietnam from 1976 until he retired in 1987.
Phạm Văn Đồng (March 1, 1906 – April 29, 2000) was a leading member of the Vietnamese Communist Party. He served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 through 1976, and was Prime Minister of reunified Vietnam from 1976 until he retired in 1987.